He believes that the previous studies by the German government should be subject to critical revision and new research is needed to establish the actual number of expulsion deaths.[138]. Figures exclude Austria and conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe[119], A demographic analysis of the population balance by the West German government in 1960 put the total military losses of the Wehrmacht at 4,440,000; 3,760,000 for Germany (1937 borders); 430,000 conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe and 250,000 from Austria.[120]. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing raids. We are Czechs! -Germans remaining abroad-Includes expelled Germans who had emigrated to other countries or were in Denmark. The youth was stupefied with brandy, shown his mother's severed head in a fish tank, and warned that, if he did not talk, his father would be next; Ata gave in. WebLt. The story of Operation Anthropoid is narrated in a short Czech comic book titled Atentt (The Assassination), created in 1976 by brothers Jan Saudek and Kja Saudek. The research by Overmans concluded in 2000 that the total German military dead and missing were 5,318,000. Presse- und Informationsamt. Figures for missing include POW held by Allies. [67] The men in the church had only pistols, while the attackers had machine guns, submachine guns, and hand grenades. The personnel records included 3,070,000 men who were confirmed dead in the Death Files and another 15,200,000 men in the General Files who had served in the war including those listed as missing and presumed dead. Fildes had a reputation for "extravagant boasts" and the grenade modifications could have been aimed at making the 4.4lb (2kg) weapon lighter. Note: This category is intended solely for those members of the German armed forces killed as a result of their military service and not those executed during internal purges, or those who died in Allied custody post-war. .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. [168] Rdiger Overmans believes that "on the basis of factual individual data, shown before, the thesis of the Canadian James Bacque cannot be supported". Deaths of POW were 450,600 including 356,700 in NKVD camps and 93,900 in transit. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum. The decorated serviceman and heroic leader died within months of the wars end. We will never surrender, you hear? He points out that the figures for air raid dead in the last three months of the war were estimated in the West German figures at 300,000, which includes the deaths of 135,000 eastern refugees fleeing westward, Overy believes that this is not plausible. The following studies were published by the West German government estimating expulsion deaths. Alois Moravec was unaware of his family's involvement with the resistance; he was taken to the Petschek Palace together with his 17-year-old son Vlastimil, or "Ata", who was tortured throughout the day, but refused to talk. The losses of civilians from East-Central Europe in the 1945 are included with the expulsion dead, the German Archives report of 1974 estimated 150,000 violent deaths of civilians in East-Central Europe during the 1945 military campaign. [62] Ata was executed by the Nazis in Mauthausen on 24 October 1942, the same day as his father, his fiance, her mother, and her brother.[63]. At 05:00 on 17 June, the Moravec flat was raided. [38] The surgeons reinflated the collapsed left lung, removed the tip of the fractured 11th rib, sutured the torn diaphragm, inserted several catheters, and removed the spleen, which contained a grenade fragment and upholstery. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). by tigre 10 Feb 2008, 14:16, Post Marshall's figure for the Central Pacific is 273,000. When Overmans conducted his research project during 1992 to 1994 he was an officer in the German Armed Forces. WebPages in category "German military personnel killed in World War II" The following 140 pages are in this category, out of 140 total. The following schedules summarize the OKW figures published in the post-war era. Hello Baron Lornito Mahinay, thanks for joining us, "Es mejor morir de pie que vivir de rodillas! (transl. Nikdy se nevzdme, slyte? Das Heer vom Beginn des Feldzuges gegen die Sowjetunion bis zum Kriegsende. [169], Estimates indicate that at least 40,000 war casualties are found a year. The Czechoslovaks undertook the operation to help confer legitimacy on the government-in-exile, and to exact retribution for Heydrich's brutal rule. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50. It was installed in 1968 in the Jephson Gardens, Leamington Spa (UK). Keegan, John, Second World War, Penguin Books , 1990, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, Transaction Publishers, 1992 Table A. Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann & Ernest A. Menze, Ishikida, Miki (2005). The system was not uniform because various military branches such as the Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen SS and the military hospitals each had different systems of reporting. Page 202", "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. [66] This, plus the fact that most surrenders occurred in April 1945, suggests that (unlike on the Eastern Front (World War II), where the number of German killed and wounded far exceeded the number of prisoners taken by the Soviets), most German soldiers who surrendered to the Western Allies did so without a fight. He further argues (p.289) that about half of the 1,536,000 missing in the East between 1941 and 1945, according to his calculations, may well have died in Soviet captivity. This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. by B5N2KATE 19 Apr 2008, 16:38, Return to German Strategy & General German Military Discussion. According to Gregory Frumkin this presumably referred to aggregate German forces including those conscripted outside the 1937 German borders. This figure is included in the schedule above. Gubbins readily agreed to help mount the operation, although knowledge of it was restricted to a few of the headquarters and training staff of SOE. A staggering Heydrich came towards Gabk, who dropped his Sten and tried to reach his bicycle, but was forced to abandon the attempt and took cover behind a telegraph pole, firing at Heydrich with his pistol. Prisoners held during the war are listed in a separate schedule below. [162] There are those like Heinz Nawratil who try to equate the expulsions from Eastern Europe with the Holocaust. One is by Jan Vytal, from Czech country band Greenhorns, called Battledress (2006). Waffen-SS troops laid siege to the church the following day, but they were unable to take the assailants alive, despite the best efforts of 750 SS soldiers under the command of SS-Gruppenfhrer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld. (Published by the Search Service of the German Red Cross. The following 142 pages are in this category, out of 142 total. [23] Professor Vojtch Mastn argues that he "clung to the scheme as the last resort to dramatize Czech resistance". Jan Hrub, who died in the fight with German troops in the crypt of the Church of Saint Cyril and Methodius, Memorial in the crypt of the Church of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5074N 142751E / 50.11778N 14.46417E / 50.11778; 14.46417 (Assassination location in Prague). Of the army dead a total of 1,456,500 occurred on the battlefronts that Marshall's figures refer to (Southern Pacific,[111] Central Pacific,[112] India-Burma,[113] China[114] and Aleutians. They planned to pull a cable across the road that would stop Heydrich's car, but after waiting several hours, their commander, Lt. Adolf Oplka (from the group Out Distance), came to bring them back to Prague. The oldest memorial is a plaque on Orthodox Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Resslova Street, Prague. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. WebAlfred Jodl (ca. [167], James Bacque, a Canadian author with no previous historical research experience, has written a book Other Losses in which he claims that the United States are responsible for the deaths of 800,000 to 1,000,000 German POW. WebRussia Countries with the Highest Total Casualties in World War II: Those totals do not include the more than 14 million Soviet soldiers who were wounded during the war. Bacque's book received wide attention when it was first published in 1989, since then his claims have been challenged by historians who have found his thesis to be unsubstantiated. [49] Data from the Soviet Archives published by G. I. Krivosheev put the deaths in the USSR of German POWs at 450,600 including 356,700 in NKVD camps and 93,900 in transit. The gap in vital statistics between the middle of 1944 and the end of 1945 was estimated. [165] The Federation of Expellees initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Nikdy!" [137], See Also: Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450) and Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, are sometimes included with World War II casualties. The authors say that only circumstantial evidence supports this allegation; the records of the SOE for the period have remained sealed and few medical records of Heydrich's condition and treatment have been preserved. Nineteen employees at Deutsche Dienststelle assisted in the survey. p. 30. A deadline was issued to the military and the people of Czechoslovakia for the assassins to be apprehended by 18 June 1942. Heydrich was thought to be scheduled to transfer to occupied northern France and Belgium, with the intent to implement similar policies there. Heydrich's death led to a wave of reprisals by SS troops, including the destruction of villages and mass killings of civilians. The assailants initially hid with two Prague families and later took refuge in the Cathedral of Sts Cyril and Methodius (until 1935 the Karel Boromejsky Church)[60] a cathedral of the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church in Prague. They estimated 635,000 total deaths, 500,000 due to the strategic bombing of Germany and an additional 135,000 killed in air raids during the 1945 flight and evacuations on the eastern front. WebI start with World War II because more (individual) records are available and I assume people are more interested in it. The modification of the weapon could indicate an attached toxic or biological agent. The British General Percival (Singapore) and the US General Wainwright (the Philippines) were captured by the Japanese in 1942 and incarcerated until the end of the war in 1945. The Russian NKVD tortured a great According to Mller-Hillebrand actual irrecoverable losses in the war were between 3.3 and 4.5 million men. [12] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was infuriated enough by the scale of reprisals to suggest levelling three German villages for every Czech village that the Nazis destroyed. pp. Like his father, Gerhardt pursued a career as an army officer, graduating in the West Point class of 1917. Marshall's figure for the South Pacific is 684,000. 73 anti-tank grenade used in the attack had been modified to contain the toxin. Comrades, surrender! Postoperative care included administration of large amounts of morphine. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, Page 32, Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. He was killed near the village of Molei in Peleponnesse in Greece by andartes men on 27 April 1943. This list may not reflect recent changes. Between 122,000 and 150,000 were detained and at least 43,000 did not survive. [106] Marshall's figures of enemy battle deaths are juxtaposed with deaths in the US Army only, suggesting that the losses of Japanese naval forces are not included, nor Japanese casualties in theaters where the Americans were not the main opposing force. The figures include those killed in the 1945 military campaign and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union. The project sought to determine total deaths and their cause, when and in which theatre of war the losses occurred as well as a demographic profile of the men who served in the war. He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. The results of the Overmans research project were published with the endorsement of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office of the Federal Ministry of Defense (Germany).[25]. (, Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. (transl. They were sent to one of SOE's commando training centres at Arisaig in Scotland. As the Mercedes braked in front of him, Kubi, who was not spotted by Heydrich or Klein, threw a modified anti-tank grenade[27] (concealed in a briefcase) at the car; he misjudged his throw. The commission has already built more than 300 cemeteries from World War II and 190 from World War I all over Europe.[170]. -Killed in 1945 land battles- This is a rough estimate made in 1956 for Germany in current post war borders, not including the former German territories in post war Poland. Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Ploetz Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges Wrzburg, Ploetz 1960 page 80, Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945. It is now known that they did not survive the war, Rdiger Overmans believes that more than likely they died in Soviet custody. Second is from Daniel Landa, called Anika Malinov (2022; Anna Malinov was Gabks girlfriend. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p256. [43] The exiled government of Czechoslovakia under President Edvard Bene was under pressure from British intelligence, as there had been very little visible resistance since the occupation of the Sudeten regions of the country in 1938. (3) Erich Hampe "Der Zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg" pp.138-142, The United States Strategic Bombing Survey gave three different figures for German air raid deaths, 1-The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. Discussions on High Command, strategy and the Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) in general. He estimated total air raid deaths at 353,000. Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans, Soviet war crimes and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are disputed and range from 500,000[11][12][13] to over 2.0 million. Nonetheless, the bomb severely wounded Heydrich when it detonated, its fragments ripping through the right rear fender and embedding fragmentation and fibers from the upholstery of the car into Heydrich, causing serious injuries to his left side, with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen, and lung, as well as a fractured rib. [116][117], In 1951, Gregory Frumkin, who was throughout its existence the editor of the Statistical Year Book of the League of Nations, provided an assessment of German military losses based on a demographic analysis of the European population from 1939 to 1947.
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